What is non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma? Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (also known as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, NHL, or just lymphoma) is a group of blood cancers that start in the lymphocytes, the white blood cells that are a part of the immune system of our bodies. Cancer starts by affecting the body’s lymphatic system, which helps the body fight infections and also aids in the movement of fluids in the body. It is different from Hodgkin’s lymphoma, cancer that is treated in a different manner. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma mostly affects adults but children can get it too. Cancer can begin in any part of the body where lymph tissue is present, but sometimes it can also affect the skin. Some of the parts of the body where the lymph tissue is present are: Lymph nodes: Lymph nodes or lymph glands are oval-shaped tissue masses that protect the body from infection and cancer. Connected by a system of lymphatic vessels, they are present in several parts of the body, including the abdomen, chest, pelvis, etc. When a person is having non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, the lymph nodes become enlarged and swollen. Adenoids and tonsils: These are present as lymph tissue in the back of the throat. The tonsils are part of the immune system and act similar to the lymph nodes.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition in which blood clots form deep inside the vein in the body. Blood clots may form when the blood flows slowly, resulting in clumping; this is known as clotting. DVT usually happens in the lower leg, thigh, or pelvis. It can, in some cases, form in the other parts of the body too. DVT can be fatal if the clot starts flowing through the arteries/veins of the lungs, causing pulmonary embolism. Knowing the causes and symptoms of DVT can help take quick action without having to face further consequences. Symptoms of deep vein thrombosis In most of the cases of DVT, there are no early signs. Only in later stages, the following symptoms can be seen: Swelling in the leg or arm without any trigger. Soreness or pain when you walk or stand. Feeling warm in and around the affected areas. Redness of the skin. Sometimes it may also appear blue. Enlarged veins Pulmonary embolism, which is a severe stage of DVT is characterized by the following symptoms: Shortness of breath Chest pain that gets worse as you breathe in. High heart rate Coughing up blood Feeling lightheaded or dizzy Falling unconscious Pulmonary embolism could be fatal and needs immediate medical attention.

The treatments for dandruff are varied and have to be applied according to the cause of the condition. Sometimes, the solution involves changing lifestyle habits or hair products. It is often found that different people react differently to various treatments, and successful treatment for dandruff boils down to a process of trial and error until one finds the correct treatment for themselves. Stress management For dandruff caused by stress, it is important to control stress by making lifestyle changes like exercising, walking, yoga, or meditation. Proper hair washing Though shampooing the hair often can cause problems like dry scalp and hair, it is found that for dandruff caused by oil buildup on the scalp, it is good to shampoo the hair often. Shampoos remove excess oil from the hair, reducing dandruff. Choice of hair products The cause of dandruff formation could be a reaction to a hair washing or hair styling product. In this case, discontinuing the use of these products is all that is required. Diet For dandruff caused due to excess oil buildup, it is important to replace unhealthy oils in one’s diet with healthy monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). These good fats help maintain skin and hair health and can be found in olive oil, olives, nuts, and avocados to name a few sources.

With the onset of Parkinson’s disease, the brain’s nerve cells tend to break down and, slowly or rapidly, die out as time progresses. Most of the symptoms associated with this disease are a result of the loss of neurons that are essential to producing dopamine, which performs the task of a chemical messenger from the brain to the other parts of the body. When there is a fall in the dopamine levels, the brain activity becomes abnormal and, consequently, results in the manifestation of symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease. Risk factors The cause of Parkinson’s disease is still unknown, but researchers have found that several factors constitute a role in the formation of this condition: Genetics : A variety of specific genetic mutations have been identified as triggers for Parkinson’s disease. This occurrence is quite uncommon, except in cases where many members of a family are affected by this disease. Researchers have identified that certain types of gene variations are evident in individuals who are at an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s, but the level of risk is relatively small for each of the individual markers. Environmental triggers : There are chances that a person exposed to a certain toxin or specific environmental factors is at a greater risk of developing this disease, but the level of risk assessment has shown that the risk here is also quite less.

Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory disease that typically affects the digestive tract. The symptoms range from mild to severe and include severe stomach cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, rectal bleeding, abscesses and ulcers in the gut, and anal fissures. A person may also suffer from significant weight loss as the body is unable to absorb any nutrients from the food ingested, and this leads to extreme fatigue and bone loss. It may also lead to a fever in some cases. Crohn’s disease has no known cure, but there are treatments available to manage its symptoms and increase the quality of life of the patients. When one visits the gastroenterologist to determine whether they have Crohn’s disease, the typical pattern of diagnosis and testing encompasses going over their medical history and running lab tests and imaging studies. This helps to diagnose the disease and which part of the digestive tract it has affected. Diagnostic tests Blood tests Although blood tests alone cannot determine whether one has Crohn’s disease, they come in handy for diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Routine test : This test is taken to determine inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, anemia, and deficiency of minerals and vitamins. Fecal test :